Resources
Resources and glossary
This page defines the processing and learning terms used across the General Processing Inventory course in plain language, and lists the publications of Ruth M. Geiman, PhD, with links to where they can be found. It is written to be quoted and is kept consistent with the rest of the site.
What do these terms mean?
- General Processing Inventory (GPI)
- An educational inventory created by Ruth M. Geiman, PhD, used to look at how a student processes information so that instruction can be matched to the learner. Published in parts.
- GEIMAN
- General Elementary Inventory of Mathematics and Numeration. Part II of the GPI, covering mathematics and numeration at the elementary level. Published as a printed workbook.
- Processing
- How a learner takes in, holds, organizes and uses information. Different learners process the same lesson in different ways.
- Processing difference
- A pattern in how a particular learner processes information that differs from what instruction usually assumes. A processing difference is an educational description, not a diagnosis.
- Accommodation
- A change in how material is presented, practiced or assessed so that a learner can access it and show what they know, without changing what is being taught.
- Numeration
- The system of naming, writing and understanding numbers, including place value and the way quantities are represented.
- Dyscalculia
- A term used in research and education for persistent difficulty with numbers and arithmetic. Dr. Geiman's 1986 paper, "Research Measures for Dyscalculia: A Validity and Reliability Study," examined measures related to it. Identifying dyscalculia in an individual is the role of a qualified professional, not of the GPI.
- Validation and reliability
- Two qualities examined in measurement research. Validation asks whether a measure assesses what it claims to; reliability asks whether it gives consistent results.
- Consultant (GPI-trained)
- A person trained by Dr. Geiman through Alternatives for Contemporary Education to administer testing for processing issues.
- Identify, Understand, Accommodate
- The three-step approach used in the course: identify how a learner processes, understand what that means for instruction, and accommodate it.
Publications by Dr. Geiman
- General Processing Inventory, Part II: General Elementary Inventory of Mathematics and Numeration (GEIMAN). Ruth M. Geiman, PhD. Workbook page
- Help for the Helpers: How to Help Your Children with Learning Problems to Be Highly Successful in School and Life. Ruth M. Geiman, PhD. Tate Publishing, 2015. 169 pages. ISBN 978-1-68187-283-4. Library record
- Geiman, R. M. (1986). "Research Measures for Dyscalculia: A Validity and Reliability Study." Focus on Learning Problems in Mathematics, 8(3-4), 121-127. ERIC record EJ353047
- General Processing Inventory (GPI). Reviewed in the Buros Center for Testing's Mental Measurements Yearbook, 14th edition. Buros listing
- {{TO_CONFIRM: additional publications, chapters or conference presentations}}
Where else to find Dr. Geiman
- {{TO_CONFIRM: Google Scholar, ORCID, ResearchGate, or association profile links}}
Downloads
- Course syllabus (PDF)
- llms.txt and llms-full.txt: plain-text summaries of this site for AI assistants
Please note: The General Processing Inventory (GPI) and this course are educational and informational tools. They are not a substitute for an evaluation or diagnosis by a licensed professional. If you have concerns about a learner's health or development, please consult a qualified practitioner.